As manufacturers continue to bring more advanced therapies onto the U.S. market, payers are grappling with how to afford these agents. And while the products may be life-changing for some patients, they may not have the desired outcome in others, leaving payers on the hook for an unsuccessful treatment. This has resulted in various contracting opportunities, including warranties.

While such agreements can make payers more confident in their coverage of treatments, particularly high-cost ones and products whose effectiveness or durability are uncertain, they also are beneficial for pharma companies, which are seeing utilization of their therapies.

Copay maximizer programs are gaining popularity among payers while copay accumulators appear to be losing some of their appeal, according to the annual Copay Accumulator & Maximizer Programs Special Report published by AIS Health’s parent company, MMIT. The report was based on surveys of 35 commercial insurers and PBMs representing 121.0 million lives.

About 39% of people were enrolled in plans with copay accumulators in 2024 on average, down from 47% in 2023. And 47% of enrollees were in plans with copay maximizer programs. On average, payers anticipated that about 48% and 57% of plan members will be covered by plans with copay accumulators and maximizers within the next 12 months, respectively.

While changes to the Medicare Part D benefit resulting from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are already underway, Part D plans and manufacturers still face a good deal of uncertainty as to how the Medicare landscape is going to shake out. Changes to Medicare Part D plans in 2025 will almost certainly impact a large swath of beneficiaries, as well as manufacturers’ contracting strategies for 2026, said industry experts at a recent webinar hosted by Avalere.

“We are at an interesting moment for Part D,” observed Ethan Hall, associate principal on the client solutions team for Avalere, during an Oct. 30 webinar that he moderated.

HealthCare.gov enrollees have more health plan options in 2025 compared to previous years, yet the average benchmark plan premium in states that use the federal enrollment platform increased modestly, according to CMS.

In most states, the open enrollment period for Affordable Care Act marketplace coverage runs from Nov. 1, 2024, to Jan. 15, 2025. Out of the 31 states that are using HealthCare.gov, eight have more Qualified Health Plan (QHP) issuers in 2025 than in 2024, and 97% of enrollees have access to three or more issuers, compared to 78% in 2021. Seven HealthCare.gov states have counties with a single QHP issuer in 2025, compared to nine states in 2024. Georgia stopped using HealthCare.gov in 2024 and transitioned to a state-run exchange, and Illinois is scheduled to move to a state-based marketplace for the 2026 plan year.

All of the Big Three PBMs have added private-label subsidiaries into their fold that are working closely with some manufacturers. And while industry experts say that the companies offer certain benefits to the U.S. health care system overall, questions about them remain. Still, the entities could offer benefits to their pharma partners, including better formulary positioning and potentially even moving away from rebates.

Two of the companies, both based in Ireland, seem to be mainly, if not exclusively, focused on biosimilars, starting with those of AbbVie Inc.’s best-selling Humira (adalimumab).

The last of the so-called Big Three PBMs recently joined the others in offering a new private-label subsidiary when it unveiled upcoming changes to its commercial formularies. Those units, which are largely focused on biosimilars and generics, may offer benefits to pharma companies partnering with them, but such arrangements also pose potential risks as the offerings are already drawing scrutiny.

On Jan. 1, 2025, UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx will place Nuvaila-labeled biosimilars of Stelara (ustekinumab) from Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine and AbbVie Inc.’s Humira (adalimumab) on various tiers of three of its commercial formularies for a zero-dollar copay. In partnership with Amgen Inc. for its interchangeable Wezlana (ustekinumab-auub), Wezlana for Nuvaila will be available in both high-wholesale acquisition cost and low-WAC versions.

Most industry experts would agree that paying for costly cell and gene therapies (CGTs) is one of the top issues facing payers. And with more than 4,000 gene, cell and RNA therapies in the pipeline, the issue isn’t disappearing any time soon. One relatively new company is taking a slightly different approach to tackling the issue.

Quantile Health is focused on increasing patient access to CGTs, explained Yutong Sun, co-founder and CEO, during AHIP’s 2024 Medicare, Medicaid, Duals & Commercial Markets Forum, held earlier this year in Baltimore. As almost one-third of self-insured plans have dropped their coverage of gene therapies, the company is focused on this sector of the health care marketplace, which faces “quite different challenges” than other entities, she said. While CGTs may be “a drop in the bucket” for major national plans with annual budgets of a few billion dollars, one CGT could represent half of the annual budget for a self-insured plan with 100 to 500 employees.

Overall satisfaction with PBMs is at a decade-long low this year, according to the 2024 Pharmacy Benefit Manager Customer Satisfaction Report, published by Pharmaceutical Strategies Group, an EPIC company. The report also showed that payers were seeking improvements in the PBM industry and were willing to be part of the disruptive change.

The report is based on responses from 248 benefits leaders at employers, unions/Taft-Hartley plans, health plans, and health systems, and it was conducted from May 10, 2024, through June 7, 2024.

In its annual release of key premium, benefit and plan information for Medicare Advantage and Part D, CMS on Sept. 27 emphasized stability and robust offerings for 2025, despite repeated warnings from industry trade groups and plans of anticipated benefit reductions in the face of revenue challenges. While emerging analyses tell a slightly different story — that of insurers pursuing higher deductibles and/or maximum out-of-pocket cost amounts to maintain, for example, competitive premiums — industry experts say these early comparisons only tell part of the story, as other yet-to-be released data will convey additional nuances of MA and Part D market changes.

Overall satisfaction with PBMs is at a decade-long low this year, according to the 2024 Pharmacy Benefit Manager Customer Satisfaction Report, published by Pharmaceutical Strategies Group, an EPIC company. The report also showed that payers were seeking improvements in the PBM industry and were willing to be part of the disruptive change.

The report is based on responses from 248 benefits leaders at employers, unions/Taft-Hartley plans, health plans, and health systems, and it was conducted from May 10, 2024, through June 7, 2024.