Benefit Management

Millions of seniors report needing long-term services and supports that can assist with daily activities and disease management, but many don’t qualify for Medicaid, the primary source of LTSS coverage. Medicare Advantage plans have stepped up to fill in the gap with “LTSS-like” supplemental benefits, which range from select Special Supplemental Benefits for the Chronically Ill such as home modifications and service dog support, to Expanded Primarily Health-Related Benefits, including adult day services, in-home support services and caregiver support.

New research from ATI Advisory explores who has access to and ultimately enrolls in MA plans that offer LTSS-like supplemental benefits. The analysis of CMS data found that 82% of Medicare-only beneficiaries (i.e. those who are not dually eligible for Medicaid) have access to at least one plan that offers at least one LTSS-like benefit. Despite the wide availability of LTSS-like plans — particularly in high-population urban areas — just 9% of beneficiaries are enrolled in them, representing about 2 million people.

In March, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy (semaglutide) for cardiovascular risk reduction, which could further boost the already-strong sales for the GLP-1 weight-loss medication.

Specifically, Wegovy is now approved to reduce risk of “major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiovascular death, non-fatal heart attack (myocardial infarction) or non-fatal stroke” in adults who are either overweight or obese and have established cardiovascular disease, per a Novo press release.

When the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy (semaglutide) for reducing the risk of serious heart problems, it paved the way for Medicare Part D plans to cover the drug. Industry experts also predict that the drug’s expanded indication will pressure more commercial insurers and their plan-sponsor clients to cover the pricey — and increasingly popular — medication.

“The pressure is just going to be too much” for commercial plans to avoid broadening their GLP-1 coverage, says Debra Devereaux, principal and chief pharmacy/clinical officer at Rebellis Group. However, she cautions that there may not be many significant coverage-policy changes this year.

Many commercial health plans already cover the drug for weight loss. Data from MMIT, AIS Health’s parent company, show that in 31 states, pharmacy formularies that cover more than half of commercial-plan enrollees categorize Wegovy as “preferred” or “preferred with utilization management restrictions.”

The Big Three PBMs — UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx, CVS Health Corp.’s Caremark, and The Cigna Group’s Express Scripts — have opted to cover Perrigo Co.’s over-the-counter birth control pill, Opill (norgestrel), at no cost to members in most non-grandfathered commercial plans, according to one expert. That suggests they are taking proactive steps to comply with potential rulemaking that could require most health plans to cover Opill and other types of over-the-counter birth control without cost sharing.

“There has been pretty broad, in the industry, adoption of Opill to the ACA preventive list,” Cody Midlam, Pharm.D., tells AIS Health, a division of MMIT. Midlam is a director at the benefits consulting firm WTW. “If a drug is on that list, that is generally available at $0 cost share at the point of sale for members.”

A 2022 New Mexico law eliminating in-network mental health and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment copayments, coinsurances and deductibles in plans regulated by the state led to a significant decline in out-of-pocket spending for prescriptions treating those conditions, according to a recent JAMA Health Forum study. However, early results showed that the number of prescriptions dispensed did not change in the six months after New Mexico’s No Behavioral Cost-Sharing (NCS) rule went into effect.

Samantha J. Harris, Ph.D., one of the study’s authors, tells AIS Health that the NCS is “really groundbreaking” in that it’s the first state law to eliminate cost-sharing for mental health and SUD treatments. She adds that “as people are looking at the next frontier of mental health or health care financing, this is an exciting policy option,” although she notes that “it remains to be seen whether it’s going to impact utilization of services [and] whether this is going to improve overall health and well-being.”

Comprehensive information about appeals of coverage denials by Medicaid managed care organizations is not available, and state and federal officials are far from setting a common, national data standard, according to a March report from the Government Accountability Office (GAO). The report reiterates some of the same conclusions made by another federal watchdog, the HHS Office of Inspector General (OIG), in a July 2023 report about Medicaid MCOs’ prior authorization denials, and experts say they do not expect data reporting to improve in the short term.

Medicaid MCOs are facing increasing regulatory pressure over prior authorization and other utilization management (UM) practices, particularly at the state level. Federal lawmakers have yet to approach Medicaid UM reforms with the same bipartisan zeal that they have brought to revamping Medicare Advantage practices. But the new GAO report, which was prepared at the request of Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and Rep. Frank Pallone (D-N.J.) is an indication that powerful Democratic members of Congress are taking interest in reforming UM in managed Medicaid.

Speaking at an AHIP conference in Baltimore on March 13, two state’s top Medicaid officials shared frank views about the tensions that arise from working with private managed care plans to run their Medicaid programs — especially as scrutiny of insurer practices like prior authorization is intensifying.

“We talk a lot internally about the fact that if I were to stand somebody from my agency — the Medicaid agency — next to somebody from a Medicaid managed care company, from a mission perspective, you will not see a single difference between the two,” said Jay Ludlam, deputy secretary of NC Medicaid, during the AHIP Medicare, Medicaid, Duals & Commercial Markets Forum.

At least seven states plan to raise capitated payment rates to their contracted Medicaid managed care plans in fiscal year 2025, Modern Healthcare reported. Craig Kennedy, president and CEO of Medicaid Health Plans of America, told the publication that the rates are likely going up “because utilization is increasing post-pandemic.” The article noted that Arizona has proposed a 3% rate increase, California's draft budget includes a 3.8% hike and Missouri is considering a 2.5% raise for managed care plans. But New York plans to reduce insurer compensation by eliminating a quality bonus program and a 1% pay increase that expires this fiscal year.

Doctors are raising the alarm about how health insurers are making it harder for patients to receive coverage for at-home ventilators, the Associated Press reported. The noninvasive ventilators help patients breathe by forcing air into the lungs, often through a mask, and they cost around $1,200 per month. Chuck Coolidge, chief strategy officer for the respiratory supply company VieMed, told the AP that insurance rejections — including both initial approvals and reauthorizations — have increased for patients with Lou Gehrig’s disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. And one neurologist told the news outlet that UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage plans now deny nearly all initial requests for the ventilators.

As demand for GLP-1s has grown, so has the desire of plan sponsors and other payers to avoid covering the costly drugs as "lifestyle" products — instead, they want to allow only patients who will derive clear medical benefits from GLP-1s to use them. To address that desire, vertically integrated payer-PBMs, among other vendors, have launched buy-up services for commercial plan sponsors that promise to curb demand for GLP-1s by making other weight loss care more available to patients.

Experts say it’s not clear whether those programs will make a difference for patients — or be worth the money for payers.

Numerous companies have developed health and well-being apps and programs, making it difficult sometimes for companies to assess them and choose which ones to offer their employees. With this problem in mind, UnitedHealthcare recently rolled out UHC Hub, a platform that helps self-insured employers select and purchase health and well-being programs.

The vendors participating in the UHC Hub include Teladoc Health, a leading telehealth company; Noom, a subscription-based app for weight management and healthier living; and Cleo, a company that offers support for parents and caregiving.