Specialty Drugs

Social determinants of health (SDOH), which researchers have suggested account for up to 80% of health outcomes, can also complicate medication adherence, which can be particularly challenging for people taking specialty drugs. Specialty pharmacies are uniquely suited to address these issues and provide the support and resources that their patients need to overcome barriers to effective treatment, industry experts tell AIS Health, a division of MMIT.

According to the Healthy People 2030 initiative from HHS’s Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, SDOH “are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.” These factors can be grouped into five areas:

Feb. 17: The FDA approved Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s Pyrukynd (mitapivat) for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency. It is a first-in-class, oral PK activator and the first FDA-approved disease-modifying therapy for the disease. The agency gave the drug priority review and orphan drug designation. Dosing for the tablet is 5 mg twice daily. Its annual cost is $334,880.

Feb. 21: The FDA gave an additional approval to Foundation Medicine, Inc.’s FoundationOne CDx as a companion diagnostic to identify people with microsatellite instability high status solid tumors who may be candidates for treatment with Merck and Co., Inc.’s Keytruda (pembrolizumab). The company says it is the first FDA-approved diagnostic for this use. The CDx has 26 companion diagnostic claims and two group claims across 27 targeted therapies.

Teva Pharmaceuticals Ltd. launched the first generic version of Bristol Myers Squibb unit Celgene Corp.’s Revlimid (lenalidomide) in 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 25 mg strengths in the United States on March 7. The FDA approved the drug from Teva U.S. affiliate Arrow International Ltd. and Natco Pharma Ltd. on May 21, 2021. The companies have tentative approval for the 2.5 mg and 20 mg strengths due to an exclusivity issue: The FDA has approved Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.’s lenalidomide for those dosages. The product is approved for three indications: (1) multiple myeloma in combination with dexamethasone, (2) transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion 5q abnormality with or without additional cytogenic abnormalities and (3) mantle cell lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after at least two treatments, including bortezomib. The launch is limited, and through an agreement with Celgene, the companies are allowed to sell “mid-single-digit percentages” of Revlimid’s total volume this month, a figure that gradually will increase to one-third of the volume. Beginning Jan. 31, 2026, Teva can sell the drug without volume limitation. Multiple companies are expected to launch Revlimid generics in the U.S. this year.

When the first targeted oncology therapy — Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.’s Gleevec (imatinib) — came to market in the U.S. more than 20 years ago, industry experts believed it was ushering in a slew of similar agents focused on a particular mutation, or biomarker. The field, however, did not quite live up to lofty expectations. And while more research has grown the industry exponentially in recent years, it still faces some challenges. But no one can deny that biomarkers have had a profound impact on cancer care.

Agents that target drivers of cancer “have fundamentally changed the way that we treat a wide range of cancers,” maintained Josina Reddy, M.D., Ph.D., global head and vice president of product development for lung, agnostic, skin and rare cancers at Genentech, Inc., a member of the Roche Group, during a recent webinar sponsored by her company. “And in this era of cancer care, identifying those biomarkers in a patient’s tumor tissue or using blood is an essential step in developing a personalized treatment plan, and for a growing share of patients, that treatment plan might include those targeted therapies.”

UnitedHealth Group’s Optum division recently unveiled an analytics-fueled medication management system aimed at tackling rising costs in the specialty drug market. The company says the new product, known as Specialty Fusion, has the capability to generate significant savings while reducing administrative burden for prescribers.

Positioned as a solution for commercial health plans, Specialty Fusion is designed to integrate medical and pharmacy benefit data into a single point-of-service management system. According to Optum, the Specialty Fusion system differs from other solutions on the market because it provides “a full integration” of medical and pharmacy benefits. The system incorporates various cost determinants at the point of care, such as available rebates, lower cost sites of care and manufacturer assistance programs, in addition to a carousel of more affordable drug therapies.

The oncology space is undergoing a tremendous amount of innovation, as novel new products and practices become available. But those treatments can do only so much good if oncologists aren’t using them. Biopharma companies have an opportunity to differentiate themselves from their competitors by addressing oncologists’ specific needs, industry experts tell AIS Health, a division of MMIT.

When it comes to drug information, oncologists not only want to understand a product’s efficacy, “but also how to efficiently and effectively diagnose the patient and get that patient to the right targeted drug or combination using the patient’s genetics and the genetics of the tumor,” such as BRCA1 mutation-positive in breast cancer, explains Kristen Pothier, principal at KPMG U.S. Healthcare and life sciences deal advisory and strategy leader.

The FDA has approved a handful of drugs to treat atopic dermatitis recently. Among them is LEO Pharma Inc.’s Adbry (tralokinumab-ldrm), an interleukin-13 (IL-13) antagonist. According to a Zitter Insights survey, payers may take a bit of a restrictive approach in managing the drug.

On Dec. 28, the FDA approved Adbry for the treatment of people at least 18 years old with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those treatments are not advisable. The decision made it the first biologic that LEO Pharma has launched in the U.S. Recommended dosing is an initial dose of 600 mg via four 150 mg subcutaneous injections and then 300 mg every other week.

The Big Three PBMs — Cigna Corp.’s Express Scripts, UnitedHealth Group’s OptumRx, and CVS Health Corp.’s Caremark — once again added new drugs to their formulary exclusion lists for the 2022 plan year, but the rate of new exclusions slowed. Industry insiders tell AIS Health, a division of MMIT, that the slowing amount of exclusions indicates the PBMs find high value in opaque, complex contracting agreements with providers, even though certain preferences in areas like insulins, specialty drugs and biosimilars defy the logic of list prices.

According to an analysis of plan documents by Adam Fein, Ph.D., CEO of the Drug Channels Institute, Caremark now excludes 433 products from its formularies, Express Scripts excludes 485 and OptumRx excludes 492. Each amount sets a record number of exclusions for each company.

The specialty pharmacy industry will continue its growth in 2022, experts tell AIS Health, a division of MMIT. Multiple agents for rare diseases are poised for FDA approval, and the market may see additional cell and gene therapies. In addition, payers will carry on their efforts to keep prices for specialty medications affordable, among other trends.

AIS Health: What are some specialty pharmacy issues to keep an eye on in 2022, and why?

More than a year after pandemic travel restrictions pushed back the FDA’s approval decision on Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.’s inclisiran, the agency finally approved it. The new first-in-class therapy targets so-called bad cholesterol and is set to compete with two other biologics that target the same protein.

On Dec. 22, the FDA approved Leqvio as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) who require additional lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c).